GPOCK-024a
Left: Cold waters in Canada around 42 F preserve organic matter fallen from the temperate rainforest above. This uprooted tree now serves as a structure for invertebrates to attach, becoming a foundation for marine life.
Right: Young bull kelp grows toward the surface in spring, forming the top story of a kelp forest. The upperstory will die back each winter as kelp is ripped from its moorings by storms.